"Kennel cough" - what is it, definition of the term
Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease affecting dogs. It is characterized by a persistent, forceful cough that sounds like a honking goose or seal bark. This condition is caused by a combination of viral and bacterial infections, with Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine adenovirus type 2 being the most common pathogens involved. Kennel cough poses no serious health threat to most dogs but can lead to secondary infections if left untreated.
Detailed information
Kennel cough, also known as infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that affects dogs. It is characterized by a persistent, hacking cough that sounds like a goose honk, hence the common name. This condition is not limited to kennels; it can occur in any environment where dogs interact with each other, such as dog parks, grooming salons, and pet stores.
The primary cause of kennel cough is bacterial infection, often involving Bordetella bronchiseptica. However, the disease can also be triggered by viruses like canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV). The combination of these pathogens leads to a more severe and prolonged cough than would occur with a single infectious agent.
The transmission of kennel cough typically occurs through direct contact with infected dogs or exposure to contaminated surfaces. Aerosolized respiratory secretions are the primary means by which the infection spreads, making it highly contagious in environments where multiple dogs are housed together.
Symptoms of kennel cough include a dry, hacking cough that may be followed by a low-pitched choking sound or gagging. In some cases, affected dogs may also exhibit nasal discharge, sneezing, lethargy, and decreased appetite. While the disease is usually self-limiting in healthy adult dogs, it can lead to more serious complications in puppies, older dogs, and those with compromised immune systems.
Diagnosis of kennel cough is often based on clinical signs and a history of exposure to other dogs. However, veterinarians may also perform laboratory tests, such as bacterial cultures or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, to confirm the presence of specific pathogens. Radiographs may be taken to rule out other respiratory conditions.
Treatment for kennel cough depends on the severity of symptoms and the overall health of the dog. In many cases, supportive care is sufficient, including keeping the dog warm, hydrated, and rested. Antibiotics may be prescribed if a bacterial infection is present or if there is concern about secondary infections. Cough suppressants can also be used to manage symptoms, but they should be administered under veterinary supervision.
Prevention of kennel cough involves vaccination against the primary pathogens. Vaccines are available for Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), and these can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, maintaining good hygiene practices in environments where multiple dogs are housed together, such as regular cleaning and disinfection of surfaces, can help minimize the spread of the disease.
In summary, kennel cough is a common and contagious respiratory condition that affects dogs. While it can be distressing for both the dog and its owner, prompt diagnosis and appropriate care can lead to a full recovery. Vaccination and hygiene practices are crucial in preventing the spread of this disease in environments where multiple dogs interact.