How to examine a dog? - briefly
To properly examine a dog, begin by assessing its overall appearance and behavior. Check the coat for any signs of matting, parasites, or skin issues. Next, observe the dog's gait and posture, noting any abnormalities that could indicate discomfort or injury. Finally, perform a thorough inspection of the mouth, ears, eyes, and paws to detect any potential health concerns.
How to examine a dog? - in detail
Examining a dog requires a thorough and methodical approach to ensure that no health issues go unnoticed. This process involves several steps, each crucial in assessing the overall well-being of the animal.
Firstly, observe the dog's general appearance and behavior. Note any signs of lethargy, loss of appetite, or unusual aggression. A healthy dog should have a shiny coat, bright eyes, and an alert demeanor. Check for any visible injuries, lumps, or skin abnormalities that may indicate underlying health problems.
Next, examine the dog's eyes. Gently lift the eyelids to inspect the conjunctiva for any redness or discharge. Use an ophthalmoscope if available to assess the fundus for signs of disease. Check the cornea for clarity and ensure that the pupils are equal in size and respond appropriately to light.
The ears should be examined for any signs of inflammation, discharge, or foreign bodies. Gently pull back the ear flap to inspect the inner surface. Use an otoscope if possible to visualize the eardrum and detect any abnormalities.
Proceed to examine the dog's mouth and teeth. Lift the lips to check for any signs of gum disease, such as redness or bleeding. Inspect the teeth for tartar buildup, fractures, or loose teeth. Use a dental probe if available to assess the depth of the gum pockets.
Feel the dog's lymph nodes, located behind the jaw and in front of the shoulders. They should be small and firm. Any enlargement or tenderness may indicate an underlying infection or disease.
Palpate the dog's abdomen to check for any masses, distention, or discomfort. Gently press on the different quadrants and note any resistance or pain. Listen for intestinal sounds using a stethoscope to assess bowel activity.
Auscultate the heart and lungs using a stethoscope. Place it over the left side of the chest to listen for any murmurs, irregularities, or abnormal heart sounds. Move the stethoscope to the right side to auscultate the lungs, listening for any crackles, wheezes, or decreased air movement.
Finally, examine the dog's limbs and joints for any signs of lameness, swelling, or pain. Check the paws for any foreign bodies or injuries. Palpate the joints gently to assess their range of motion and detect any abnormalities.
Throughout the examination, maintain a calm and reassuring demeanor to ensure the dog's cooperation and minimize stress. If any abnormalities are detected, further diagnostic testing may be required to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.