How to understand that a dog has been in heat? - briefly
To determine if a dog has been in heat, observe for signs such as swollen vulva and vaginal discharge. Additionally, behavioral changes like increased urination, restlessness, and attempts to attract male dogs can indicate that a dog is in heat.
How to understand that a dog has been in heat? - in detail
To determine if a dog has been in heat, several signs and symptoms can be observed. The estrous cycle in dogs typically lasts around 21 days, with the first stage being proestrus, which usually lasts about 9 days. During this phase, the most evident sign is vaginal bleeding or discharge, which may range from light spotting to heavier flow, similar to a human menstrual cycle. This discharge can vary in color from pinkish or reddish to brownish. It's important to note that some dogs might not exhibit visible bleeding or discharge at all during this phase.
Another notable sign during proestrus is swelling of the vulva, which can become more prominent and redder due to increased blood flow to the area. Dogs may also display behavioral changes such as increased urination to mark their territory with scent, attracting potential mates. Some dogs might become more clingy or attention-seeking during this phase, while others might show signs of irritability or restlessness.
The second stage of the estrous cycle is estrus, also known as the standing heat phase, which usually lasts about 9 days as well. During this time, the vaginal discharge typically decreases or stops altogether. The most distinctive sign during estrus is the dog's willingness to stand still and allow mounting by male dogs. This behavior is often accompanied by flagging, where the female raises her tail to one side, exposing her vulva. It's crucial to keep unneutered males away from a female in heat to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
During both proestrus and estrus, male dogs might show increased interest in the female, trying to mount her or follow her around. The female may also exhibit changes in appetite and activity levels, potentially becoming more lethargic or less interested in food. After the estrus phase, the dog enters the diestrus stage, which lasts about 60-90 days before the cycle begins again. During this time, there are no visible signs of heat, and the female is not receptive to males.
It's essential to monitor your dog's estrous cycles carefully, especially if you do not intend for her to become pregnant. Proper management and precautions can help prevent unwanted litters and ensure the well-being of both male and female dogs during this period. If you're unsure about any signs or symptoms, consult with a veterinarian for professional advice tailored to your dog's specific needs.