Mitral valve dysplasia in dogs, what is it?

Mitral valve dysplasia in dogs, what is it? - briefly

Mitral valve dysplasia in dogs is a congenital heart defect characterized by an abnormal structure of the mitral valve, which can lead to regurgitation and potential heart failure over time. This condition is often diagnosed through clinical examination and echocardiography, with treatment options typically focusing on managing symptoms and controlling secondary complications.

Mitral valve dysplasia in dogs, what is it? - in detail

Mitral valve dysplasia (MVD) is a significant cardiac condition affecting dogs, characterized by structural abnormalities of the mitral valve. The mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, plays a crucial role in maintaining unidirectional blood flow during the heart's contractions. In dogs with MVD, the valve leaflets may be thickened, shortened, or malformed, leading to regurgitation—a backward flow of blood into the left atrium during systole. This condition is often associated with a characteristic heart murmur, which can be detected by veterinarians through auscultation.

The underlying cause of MVD in dogs is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Certain breeds are more predisposed to developing MVD, such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Chihuahuas. The progressive nature of the disease often results in left atrial enlargement, which can lead to congestive heart failure if not managed appropriately.

Clinical signs of mitral valve dysplasia in dogs may include exercise intolerance, coughing, difficulty breathing, and lethargy. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, echocardiography, radiography, and electrocardiography. While there is no cure for MVD, veterinary care focuses on managing the symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease through medication, dietary management, and regular monitoring. Early detection and intervention are key to improving the quality of life and longevity in dogs with mitral valve dysplasia.